调用webservice服务方式

        本人日常工作中经常与不同软件厂商进行接口对接，不同的厂商接口调用方式五花八门，但主要分为两大阵营：http和webservice。本文以Java为例，总结调用webservice服务的几种方式。

        一、利用命令或工具将WebService提供的wsdl文件生成对应的java类，这样就可以像调用本地类一样调用webService提供的接口。这种方法的优点是调用简单，无需自己编写太多的东西。缺点同样很明显，生成的代码过于庞大，不便于阅读，显得很累赘。

        二、AXIS远程调用，代码如下：

1.  
   import org.apache.axis.Constants;
2.  
   import org.apache.axis.client.Call;
3.  
   import org.apache.axis.client.Service;
4.  
    
5.  
   import javax.xml.namespace.QName;
6.  
    
7.  
   public class WebServiceTest {
8.  
    
9.  
   public static void main(String[] args) {
10.  
    //服务地址
11.  
    String url = "http://127.0.0.1:8080/service-test/services/gateway?wsdl";
12.  
    //命名空间
13.  
    String namespaceURI = "http://www.exampletest.com/";
14.  
    //方法名
15.  
    String method = "invoke";
16.  
    try {
17.  
    Service service = new Service();
18.  
    Call call = (Call) service.createCall();
19.  
    call.setTargetEndpointAddress(url);
20.  
    //设置要调用的方法
21.  
    call.setOperationName(new QName(namespaceURI, method));
22.  
    //设置要返回的数据类型
23.  
    call.setReturnType(new QName(namespaceURI, method), String.class);
24.  
    call.setUseSOAPAction(true);
25.  
    call.setSOAPActionURI(namespaceURI method);
26.  
    //设置入参
27.  
    call.addParameter(new QName(namespaceURI, "consumer"), Constants.XSD_STRING, javax.xml.rpc.ParameterMode.IN);
28.  
    call.addParameter(new QName(namespaceURI, "serviceName"), Constants.XSD_STRING, javax.xml.rpc.ParameterMode.IN);
29.  
    call.addParameter(new QName(namespaceURI, "params"), Constants.XSD_STRING, javax.xml.rpc.ParameterMode.IN);
30.  
     
31.  
    //调用方法并传递参数
32.  
    String resultStr = (String) call.invoke(new Object[]{"test", "queryOrder", "{\"tradeno\":\"1648100061001\",\"mchid\":\"10001\"}"});
33.  
    System.out.println("服务调用结果：" resultStr);
34.  
    } catch (Exception e) {
35.  
    e.printStackTrace();
36.  
    }
37.  
    }
38.  
    }

 对应jar包的maven依赖：

1.  
   <dependency>
2.  
   <groupId>org.apache.axis</groupId>
3.  
   <artifactId>axis</artifactId>
4.  
   <version>1.4</version>
5.  
   </dependency>
6.  
   <dependency>
7.  
   <groupId>org.apache.axis</groupId>
8.  
   <artifactId>axis-jaxrpc</artifactId>
9.  
   <version>1.4</version>
10.  
    </dependency>

        该种方式调用简单，一般不需要自己组织请求报文和解析返回报文 。

        三、通过HttpURLConnection进行调用，代码如下：

1.  
   import java.io.BufferedReader;
2.  
   import java.io.InputStream;
3.  
   import java.io.InputStreamReader;
4.  
   import java.io.OutputStream;
5.  
   import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
6.  
   import java.net.URL;
7.  
    
8.  
   public class WebServiceTest {
9.  
    
10.  
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
11.  
    //服务地址
12.  
    String url = "http://127.0.0.1:8080/service-test/services/gateway?wsdl";
13.  
    //第一步：创建服务地址
14.  
    URL httpUrl = new URL(url);
15.  
    //第二步：打开一个通向服务地址的连接
16.  
    HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) httpUrl.openConnection();
17.  
    //第三步：设置参数
18.  
    //3.1发送方式设置：POST必须大写
19.  
    connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
20.  
    //3.2设置数据格式：content-type，这个根据实际情况来确定
21.  
    connection.setRequestProperty("content-type", "application/atom xml;charset=utf-8");
22.  
    //3.3设置输入输出，因为默认新创建的connection没有读写权限，
23.  
    connection.setDoInput(true);
24.  
    connection.setDoOutput(true);
25.  
     
26.  
    //第四步：组织SOAP数据，发送请求
27.  
    String soapXML = getXML("test", "queryOrder", "{\"tradeno\":\"1648100061003\",\"mchid\":\"10001\"}");
28.  
    //将信息以流的方式发送出去
29.  
    OutputStream os = connection.getOutputStream();
30.  
    os.write(soapXML.getBytes());
31.  
    //第五步：接收服务端响应，打印
32.  
    InputStream is = connection.getInputStream();
33.  
    InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is);
34.  
    BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
35.  
     
36.  
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
37.  
    String temp = null;
38.  
    while(null != (temp = br.readLine())){
39.  
    sb.append(temp);
40.  
    }
41.  
    System.out.println("服务调用结果：" sb.toString());
42.  
    is.close();
43.  
    isr.close();
44.  
    br.close();
45.  
    }
46.  
     
47.  
    /**
48.  
    * @Author admin
49.  
    * @Description 组装xml报文
50.  
    * @Date 15:47 2022/5/1
51.  
    * @Param [consumer, serviceName, para]
52.  
    * @return java.lang.String
53.  
    **/
54.  
    public static String getXML(String consumer, String serviceName, String paraStr){
55.  
    String soapXML = "<soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\" xmlns:dar=\"http://www.darewayhealth.com/\">\n"
56.  
    " <soapenv:Header/>\n"
57.  
    " <soapenv:Body>\n"
58.  
    " <dar:invoke>\n"
59.  
    " <!--Optional:-->\n"
60.  
    " <dar:consumerId>" consumer "</dar:consumerId>\n"
61.  
    " <!--Optional:-->\n"
62.  
    " <dar:serviceName>" serviceName "</dar:serviceName>\n"
63.  
    " <!--Optional:-->\n"
64.  
    " <dar:params>" paraStr "</dar:params>\n"
65.  
    " </dar:invoke>\n"
66.  
    " </soapenv:Body>\n"
67.  
    "</soapenv:Envelope>";
68.  
    return soapXML;
69.  
    }
70.  
    }

        该种方式一般需要自己组织请求的xml报文，自己解析返回的xml报文。

        四、通过HttpClient进行调用，代码如下：

1.  
   import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;
2.  
   import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.InputStreamRequestEntity;
3.  
   import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;
4.  
   import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.RequestEntity;
5.  
    
6.  
   import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
7.  
   import java.io.InputStream;
8.  
    
9.  
   public class WebServiceTest {
10.  
     
11.  
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
12.  
    //服务地址
13.  
    String url = "http://127.0.0.1:8080/service-test/services/gateway?wsdl";
14.  
    HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
15.  
    PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(url);
16.  
     
17.  
    String soap = getXML("test", "queryOrder", "{\"tradeno\":\"1648100061003\",\"mchid\":\"10001\"}");
18.  
     
19.  
    try {
20.  
    byte[] b = soap.getBytes("utf-8");
21.  
    InputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(b, 0, b.length);
22.  
    RequestEntity re = new InputStreamRequestEntity(is, b.length,
23.  
    "application/atom;charset=utf-8");
24.  
    postMethod.setRequestEntity(re);
25.  
    httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod);
26.  
    String soapResponseData = postMethod.getResponseBodyAsString();
27.  
    System.out.println("服务调用结果：" soapResponseData);
28.  
    postMethod.releaseConnection();
29.  
    } catch (Exception e) {
30.  
    e.printStackTrace();
31.  
    }
32.  
    }
33.  
     
34.  
    /**
35.  
    * @Author admin
36.  
    * @Description 组装xml报文
37.  
    * @Date 15:47 2022/5/1
38.  
    * @Param [consumer, serviceName, para]
39.  
    * @return java.lang.String
40.  
    **/
41.  
    public static String getXML(String consumer, String serviceName, String paraStr){
42.  
    String soapXML = "<soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\" xmlns:dar=\"http://www.darewayhealth.com/\">\n"
43.  
    " <soapenv:Header/>\n"
44.  
    " <soapenv:Body>\n"
45.  
    " <dar:invoke>\n"
46.  
    " <!--Optional:-->\n"
47.  
    " <dar:consumerId>" consumer "</dar:consumerId>\n"
48.  
    " <!--Optional:-->\n"
49.  
    " <dar:serviceName>" serviceName "</dar:serviceName>\n"
50.  
    " <!--Optional:-->\n"
51.  
    " <dar:params>" paraStr "</dar:params>\n"
52.  
    " </dar:invoke>\n"
53.  
    " </soapenv:Body>\n"
54.  
    "</soapenv:Envelope>";
55.  
    return soapXML;
56.  
    }
57.  
    }

        该方式的特点同方式三。

        五、通过CloseableHttpClient进行调用，代码如下：

1.  
   import org.apache.http.Consts;
2.  
   import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
3.  
   import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
4.  
   import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
5.  
   import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
6.  
   import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
7.  
   import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
8.  
   import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
9.  
   import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
10.  
     
11.  
    import java.io.IOException;
12.  
     
13.  
    public class WebServiceTest {
14.  
     
15.  
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
16.  
    //服务地址
17.  
    String url = "http://127.0.0.1:8080/service-test/services/gateway?wsdl";
18.  
    int timeout = 180000;
19.  
    CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
20.  
    RequestConfig defaultRequestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(timeout).setConnectionRequestTimeout(timeout).setSocketTimeout(timeout).build();
21.  
    HttpPost httpPost = null;
22.  
    CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
23.  
    HttpEntity resEntity = null;
24.  
     
25.  
    try {
26.  
    httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
27.  
    httpPost.setConfig(defaultRequestConfig);
28.  
    String xmlStr = getXML("test", "queryOrder", "{\"tradeno\":\"1648100061003\",\"mchid\":\"10001\"}");
29.  
    httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(xmlStr, Consts.UTF_8));
30.  
    response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
31.  
    resEntity = response.getEntity();
32.  
    String resStr = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity, Consts.UTF_8);
33.  
    EntityUtils.consume(resEntity);
34.  
    System.out.println("服务调用结果：" resStr);
35.  
    } catch (Exception e) {
36.  
    e.printStackTrace();
37.  
    } finally {
38.  
    try {
39.  
    if (response != null) {
40.  
    response.close();
41.  
    }
42.  
    } catch (IOException var21) {
43.  
    var21.printStackTrace();
44.  
    }
45.  
    }
46.  
    }
47.  
     
48.  
    /**
49.  
    * @Author admin
50.  
    * @Description 组装xml报文
51.  
    * @Date 15:47 2022/5/1
52.  
    * @Param [consumer, serviceName, para]
53.  
    * @return java.lang.String
54.  
    **/
55.  
    public static String getXML(String consumer, String serviceName, String paraStr){
56.  
    String soapXML = "<soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\" xmlns:dar=\"http://www.darewayhealth.com/\">\n"
57.  
    " <soapenv:Header/>\n"
58.  
    " <soapenv:Body>\n"
59.  
    " <dar:invoke>\n"
60.  
    " <!--Optional:-->\n"
61.  
    " <dar:consumerId>" consumer "</dar:consumerId>\n"
62.  
    " <!--Optional:-->\n"
63.  
    " <dar:serviceName>" serviceName "</dar:serviceName>\n"
64.  
    " <!--Optional:-->\n"
65.  
    " <dar:params>" paraStr "</dar:params>\n"
66.  
    " </dar:invoke>\n"
67.  
    " </soapenv:Body>\n"
68.  
    "</soapenv:Envelope>";
69.  
    return soapXML;
70.  
    }
71.  
    }

        该方式的特点同方式三。 

        六、使用XFire调用，代码如下：

1.  
   import org.codehaus.xfire.client.Client;
2.  
   import java.net.URL;
3.  
    
4.  
   public class WebServiceTest {
5.  
    
6.  
   public static void main(String[] args) {
7.  
   try {
8.  
   //服务地址
9.  
   String url = "http://127.0.0.1:8080/service-test/services/gateway?wsdl";
10.  
    //方法名
11.  
    String method = "invoke";
12.  
    Client client = new Client(new URL(url));
13.  
    Object[] result = client.invoke(method, new Object[]{"test", "queryOrder", "{\"tradeno\":\"1648100061003\",\"mchid\":\"10001\"}"});
14.  
    System.out.println("服务调用结果：" result[0]);
15.  
    } catch (Exception e) {
16.  
    e.printStackTrace();
17.  
    }
18.  
    }
19.  
    }

        需要xfire-all-1.2.6.jar包，maven依赖如下：

1.  
   <dependency>
2.  
   <groupId>org.codehaus.xfire</groupId>
3.  
   <artifactId>xfire-all</artifactId>
4.  
   <version>1.2.6</version>
5.  
   </dependency>

        该方式比较古老了，本文只做介绍，后面都用新版本CXF了。值得一提的是，在测试该方式的时候报了一个错误，如下：

1.  
   Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: org.apache.ws.commons.schema.XmlSchemaComplexType.getAttributes()Lorg/apache/ws/commons/schema/XmlSchemaObjectCollection;
2.  
   at org.codehaus.xfire.wsdl11.parser.WSDLServiceBuilder.hasAttributes(WSDLServiceBuilder.java:662)
3.  
   at org.codehaus.xfire.wsdl11.parser.WSDLServiceBuilder.isWrapped(WSDLServiceBuilder.java:582)
4.  
   at org.codehaus.xfire.wsdl11.parser.WSDLServiceBuilder.visit(WSDLServiceBuilder.java:392)
5.  
   at org.codehaus.xfire.wsdl11.parser.WSDLServiceBuilder.build(WSDLServiceBuilder.java:195)
6.  
   at org.codehaus.xfire.client.Client.initFromDefinition(Client.java:264)
7.  
   at org.codehaus.xfire.client.Client.<init>(Client.java:236)
8.  
   at org.codehaus.xfire.client.Client.<init>(Client.java:246)

        方法不存在，原因其实是包冲突，xfire所依赖的低版本的XmlSchema-1.1.jar与cxf所依赖的高版本的xmlschema-core-2.2.5.jar冲突，删掉高版本的就解决了。

        七、通过CXF调用，代码如下：

1.  
   import org.apache.cxf.endpoint.Client;
2.  
   import org.apache.cxf.endpoint.dynamic.DynamicClientFactory;
3.  
    
4.  
   public class WebServiceTest {
5.  
    
6.  
   public static void main(String[] args) {
7.  
   //服务地址
8.  
   String url = "http://127.0.0.1:8080/service-test/services/gateway?wsdl";
9.  
   //方法名
10.  
    String method = "invoke";
11.  
    try {
12.  
    DynamicClientFactory factory = DynamicClientFactory.newInstance();
13.  
    Client client = factory.createClient(url);
14.  
    Object[] resultObject = client.invoke(method, new Object[]{"test", "queryOrder", "{\"tradeno\":\"1648100061003\",\"mchid\":\"10001\"}"});
15.  
    String resultStr = resultObject[0].toString(); //接口调用结果
16.  
    System.out.println("服务调用结果：" resultStr);
17.  
    } catch (Exception e) {
18.  
    e.printStackTrace();
19.  
    }
20.  
    }
21.  
    }

         该种方式一般不需要自己组织请求报文和解析返回报文，比较简单。

        总结，以上七种方式各有特点，推荐使用AXIS方式或CXF方式或者HTTP方式中的其中一种。

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